Surfactants, vim lawv ntub dej los yog tiv thaiv nplaum, emulsifying los yog demulsification, foaming los yog defoaming, raws li zoo raws li ib tug series ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj los xws li solubilization, dispersion, ntxuav, anti-corrosion, anti-static, thiab coj mus siv tau cov kev siv, muaj ua ib tug saj zawg zog thiab ntau yam chav kawm ntawm cov tshuaj zoo tshuaj nrog ntau yam kev siv. Surfactants, dua li siv los ua cov tshuaj ntxuav tes hauv lub neej txhua hnub, tuaj yeem npog yuav luag txhua qhov chaw tshuaj zoo hauv lwm daim ntawv thov.
Hauv cov mis, lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm surfactants yog: ua ntej, txhawm rau txhim kho lub peev xwm emulsifying ntawm cov khoom kom lawv tuaj yeem sib xyaw ua ke zoo dua; Thib ob, thaum lub sijhawm ua npuas dej, qhov kev tswj hwm muaj qhov tsim nyog ntawm qhov nro los tsim cov qauv npuas zoo, yog li nws tuaj yeem hu ua npuas stabilizer.
1. Solubilization
Requirement: C>CMC (HLB13-18)
Critical Mcelle Concentration (CMC): Qhov qis tshaj qhov concentration ntawm cov surfactant molecules ua ke los tsim micelles. Thaum nws cov concentration siab dua li tus nqi CMC, cov txheej txheem ntawm surfactants tsim cov qauv xws li kheej kheej, pas nrig-puab, bundled, txheej / phaj-zoo li, thiab lwm yam.
Lub solubilization system yog ib qho thermodynamic equilibrium system;
Qhov qis dua ntawm CMC thiab qhov loj ntawm cov ntawv khi, qhov siab dua lub peev xwm solubilization (MAC);
Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov kub thiab txias ntawm Solubilization: Kub cuam tshuam rau kev tsim cov micelles, kev sib cais ntawm cov kuab tshuaj, thiab solubility ntawm surfactants. Kafft Point: Lub solubility ntawm ionic surfactants nce sharply nrog nce kub. Qhov kub no hu ua Kafft Point, thiab qhov siab dua Kafft Point, qhov qis dua qhov tseem ceeb micelle concentration
Tan taw tes: Rau polyoxyethylene nonionic surfactants, thaum kub nce mus rau ib tug tej degree, lub solubility sharply txo thiab precipitates, thiab cov tshuaj yuav turbid. Qhov tshwm sim no hu ua Tan point, thiab qhov kub no hu ua Tan point. Thaum cov saw hlau polyoxyethylene zoo ib yam, qhov ntev ntawm cov pa roj carbon hydrogen chains, qhov qis ntawm huab point; Thaum cov pa roj carbon thiab hydrogen chains zoo ib yam, qhov ntev ntawm cov saw hlau polyoxyethylene, qhov siab dua qhov taw tes huab.
2. Emulsification nyhuv
Hydrophilic lipophilic tshuav nyiaj li cas (HLB): Kev sib koom ua ke ntawm hydrophilic thiab lipophilic pawg hauv surfactant molecules rau roj lossis dej. Raws li kev paub dhau los, txwv HLB tus nqi ntau ntawm surfactants rau 0-40, thiab tsis yog-ionic HLB tus nqi rau 0-20. Mixed additivity: HLB=(HLBa Wa+HLBb/Wb)/(Wa+Wb)
Theoretical calculation: HLB=∑ (Hydrophilic group HLB value)+∑ (lipophilic group HLB) -7
HLB: 3-8 W/O emulsifier: Span; Bivalent xab npum
HLB: 8-16 O/W emulsifier: Tween; Monovalent xab npum
3. Cov nyhuv ntub dej
Requirement: HLB: 7-9.
Kev siv cov surfactants tuaj yeem tswj cov qib ntawm ntub dej ntawm cov kua thiab cov khoom. Hauv kev lag luam tshuaj tua kab, qee cov granules thiab hmoov siv rau kev txau kuj muaj qee qhov nyiaj ntawm surfactants. Lub hom phiaj yog txhawm rau txhim kho qhov adhesion thiab tso tawm ntawm cov tshuaj rau ntawm qhov chaw, nce qhov tso tawm thiab nthuav dav thaj tsam ntawm cov khoom muaj nyob hauv dej, thiab txhim kho kev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab kev kho mob.
Hauv kev lag luam tshuaj pleev ib ce, ua ib qho emulsifier, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv tu tawv nqaij xws li qab zib, tshuaj pleev ib ce, ntxuav lub ntsej muag, tshem tawm pleev, thiab lwm yam.
4. Kev pab cuam cuam tshuam
Hauv kev lag luam tshuaj tua kab, cov hmoov ntub dej, emulsions, thiab cov emulsion concentrated txhua yam yuav tsum muaj qee yam ntawm surfactants. Piv txwv li, hauv cov hmoov ntub dej, cov khoom siv raw yog feem ntau cov organic tebchaw nrog hydrophobicity. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm surfactants tuaj yeem txo qhov nro ntawm cov dej, thiab cov khoom tuaj yeem ntub dej los ua ib qho kev ncua aqueous;
5. Foaming thiab defoaming teebmeem
Surfactants kuj tau siv dav hauv kev lag luam kws tshuaj. Hauv kev lag luam tshuaj, ntau cov tshuaj insoluble xws li roj tsis muaj roj soluble cellulose thiab steroid hormones tuaj yeem tsim cov kev daws teeb meem pob tshab thiab ua kom muaj zog ntxiv los ntawm kev siv cov nyhuv solubilization ntawm surfactants; Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev npaj tshuaj, nws yog ib tug indispensable emulsifier, wetting agent, suspending agent, foaming agent, thiab defoamer.
6. Disinfection thiab sterilization
Hauv kev lag luam kws tshuaj, nws tuaj yeem siv los ua cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab tshuaj tua kab mob, thiab nws cov kab mob bactericidal thiab tshuaj tua kab mob yog vim tias lawv muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo nrog cov kab mob biofilm proteins, ua rau denaturation lossis tsis ua haujlwm. Cov tshuaj tua kab mob no muaj cov dej solubility zoo heev thiab tuaj yeem siv rau kev tua kab mob ua ntej ntawm daim tawv nqaij, qhov txhab lossis cov tshuaj tua kab mob hauv lub cev, tshuaj tua kab mob, thiab tshuaj tua kab mob ib puag ncig nyob ntawm qhov siv tshuaj;
7. Dej tsis kam
Betaine surfactants muaj kev ruaj ntseg zoo rau ob qho tib si calcium thiab magnesium ions, nrog rau lawv kam rau cov ions nyuaj thiab dispersibility ntawm calcium soaps. Tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob nag lossis daus ntawm calcium xab npum thaum siv thiab txhim kho kev siv tau zoo.
8. Ntxiv viscosity thiab foaming zog
Surfactants tuaj yeem hloov cov kev daws teeb meem, ua kom cov viscosity, thicken los yog ua kom cov npuas dej ntawm lub cev, thiab tau siv dav hauv qee qhov tshwj xeeb tu thiab mining industries.
9. Degreasing thiab ntxuav muaj nuj nqi
Tshem tawm cov roj thiab cov av yog cov txheej txheem nyuaj uas cuam tshuam nrog kev ntub dej, foaming, thiab lwm yam teebmeem uas tau hais los saum no. Thaum kawg, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias surfactants ua hauj lwm tsis tsuas yog vim hais tias ntawm ib tug nam, tab sis nyob rau hauv ntau rooj plaub, ntau yam ua hauj lwm ua ke. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv kev lag luam, nws yuav siv tau raws li ib tug ua noj ua haus tus neeg saib xyuas, pov tseg daim ntawv de ink tus neeg saib xyuas, sizing tus neeg saib xyuas, resin barrier tswj tus neeg saib xyuas, defoamer, softener, antistatic tus neeg saib xyuas, scale inhibitor, softener, degreaser, bactericidal thiab algaecide tus neeg saib xyuas, corrosion inhibitor, lwm.
10. Lwm daim ntawv thov
1. Kev tuav cov dej xau thaum muaj xwm ceev
Thaum siv rau cov roj nchuav, cov khoom siv tuaj yeem siv los tshem tawm cov hluav taws kub thiab tawg. Txau nws mus rau hauv cov dej ntws tawm hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov tshuaj diluted, uas tuaj yeem nthuav tawm thiab ntim cov hydrocarbon molecules nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag, yog li tua cov nplaim hluav taws hauv Class A thiab Class B (hydrocarbon). Vim yog kev sib khi ntawm hydrocarbon molecules, qhov kev txwv qis qis yuav txo qis tam sim ntawd thiab dhau los ua 0. Nws tseem tuaj yeem pab txhim kho txoj kev tu thiab tshem tawm cov roj stains uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau kev tsav tsheb.
2. Chav tua & tsw tswj
Daim ntawv thov ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov chaw tsim kho tuaj yeem txo cov pa hluav taws xob, ua rau cov neeg ua haujlwm raug mob, lossis tsim cov ntxhiab tsw tsis zoo hauv thaj chaw uas nyob ib sab. Txau nws rau ntawm qhov chaw lossis hauv qhov chaw sib sau ua ke uas cov khoom tsis huv tau khaws cia tuaj yeem txo qhov vapor siab los ntawm encapsulating hydrocarbon molecules. Txo lossis txo cov ntxhiab tsw lossis qhov muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau xoom, ua ib qho kev thaiv uas tuaj yeem khaws cov vapors hauv av, tso cai rau cov neeg ua haujlwm tu vaj tse txuas ntxiv mus rau hauv lub xeev muaj kev nyab xeeb. Baishuofu cov khoom tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov av noo thiab cua txias yam tsis tas yuav tsum muaj cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev tiv thaiv ntawm hydrogen sulfide hauv cov kav dej phwj tuaj.
3. Cov khoom siv kho av tuaj yeem siv rau ntawm qhov chaw lossis tawm ntawm qhov chaw kho. Txoj haujlwm ntawm Baisuofu hmoov dej yog cais cov hydrocarbons los ntawm cov av thiab kaw lawv sab hauv kom tsis txhob muaj kev kub ntxhov. Tom qab ntawd cov hydrocarbon uas muaj cov tshuaj pleev ib ce tau muab cais rau hauv cov tshuaj ntsiav ntau zaus me dua li cov roj qub molecules, uas ua rau thaj tsam ntawm qhov chaw tsim nyog rau cov kab mob adhesion thiab ua kom cov txheej txheem biodegradation. Hauv ob qhov xwm txheej saum toj no, cov khoom tau xoob thiab yaj cov hydrocarbons, thiab cov khoom siv tawm ntawm cov pa phem mus txog 99%. Lub bioremediation ntawm cov pa phem seem yuav ua kom nrawm dua los ntawm kev txhim kho bioavailability ntawm hydrocarbons. Feem ntau, tus nqi biodegradation ntawm Baisufu hmoov dej yog 3-6 lub lis piam.
Lub qhov sludge nyob hauv Oklahoma rau 15 xyoo yuav tsum tau kho. Siv 6% aqueous tov ntawm hmoov los kho cov av teb. Kev siv thib ob thiab thib peb yuav tsum muaj sijhawm ob lub lis piam.
4. Cov khoom siv tu lub tank tuaj yeem siv los ua kom yaj hauv qab lub tank thiab lwm hom hydrocarbon sludge. Cov tshuaj yog siv los ntawm kev txau siab thiab tom qab ntawd nplawm kom hloov pauv cov hydrocarbons ntxiv rau hauv cov sludge, thaum tseem tiv thaiv qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov organic compound vapors thiab txo qhov tso tawm ntawm hydrogen sulfide. Cov khoom siv kuj tseem siv tau los ua lub tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws, yog li nws tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov av ntawm lub thawv phab ntsa thiab cov khoom siv cuam tshuam rau hauv ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg. Cov dej hmoov kuj tseem tuaj yeem txau / sib tov rau hauv cov sludge kom txo cov ntsiab lus ntawm chav dej, hloov cov sludge rau hauv cov kua dej uas siv tau.
5. Cov khoom siv decontamination tuaj yeem siv los ntxuav cov cuab yeej refinery, cov khoom siv drilling, qhov chaw ntxuav, thiab lwm yam. Feem ntau ntawm cov roj thiab cov tar hauv kev sib cuag tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev siv cov tshuaj Bristol diluted kom zoo thiab cov khoom siv tu cov txheej txheem. Txhawm rau kom muaj kuab paug hnyav dua, yuav tsum muaj lub tshuab dej kub txau.
6. Lwm cov khoom siv hauv daim ntawv thov kuj tuaj yeem siv rau hauv ntau yam ntawm lwm yam kev siv, xws li ntxuav cov roj cais tawm, tshem tawm cov roj paraffin los ntawm cov roj qhov dej, cov kav dej phwj tuaj, txo cov roj los yog cov roj xau, thiab kev tswj cov pa phem ntawm cov nkoj.
Tus yam ntxwv ntawm surfactant Baisufu yog tias tom qab tshem tawm cov dej ntws los yog cov stains, yuav tsis muaj qhov qias neeg lossis ntxhov siab. Qhov no yog vim hais tias cov khoom no tuaj yeem ntxuav cov kua dej uas nkag mus rau hauv av, cov kwj deg, lossis cov kav dej. Qhov tseeb, kev tso tawm ntawm cov khoom tuaj yeem pab tshem tawm cov roj av pov tseg cov kua hauv av los ntawm cov dej xau yav dhau los lossis cov haujlwm ntxuav. Qhov no yuav yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev txuag nyiaj rau cov tuam txhab uas koom nrog cov khoom no rau hauv lawv cov kev saib xyuas.
11. Kev siv cov surfactants hauv kev ua cov ntaub acrylic
1, Cov tshuaj ua kom zoo siv rau hauv kev ua kom zoo nkauj ntawm acrylic ntshiab textiles feem ntau tsis yog-ionic detergents (xws li detergent W) los yog anionic detergents (xws li detergent LS, detergent ES, thiab lwm yam).
2, Acrylic fiber ntau yooj yim rau zas dua li paj rwb, ntaub plaub, thiab lwm yam tshuaj fibers, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum dyed nrog cationic dyes. Tshwj xeeb dyeing auxiliaries feem ntau suav nrog cationic thiab anionic auxiliaries. Qee zaum qee cov ntsev inorganic thiab cov organic sib txuas kuj tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom siv dyeing.
3, Yuav kom ua tiav cov nyhuv whitening zoo nyob rau hauv cov luam tawm ntawm acrylic fabrics dyed nrog dispersed dyes, ib tug whitening neeg sawv cev yuav tsum tau ntxiv.
4, Anti fuzzing thiab pilling xov ntawm ntshiab acrylic ntaub nrog acrylic copolymer lotion thiab silicone ua tus neeg sawv cev. Tom qab cov txheej txheem tiav lawm, cov acrylic copolymer bonds cov fibers nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm dot zoo li hais. Nyob rau sab nraud quab yuam, qhov ua tau ntawm cov fibers zawv zawg tawm ntawm cov ntaub nto yog txo, yog li txhim kho cov pilling thiab pilling zog.